References and Recommended Reading

Bayes, T. (1764). Essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.

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Breland, H. M., & Lytle, E. G. (1990). Computer-assisted writing skill assessment using WordMAP. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 317 586, 19pp.

Burstein, J., K. Kukich, S. Wolff, C. Lu, M. Chodorow, L. Braden-Harder, and M.D. Harris (1998). Automated Scoring Using A Hybrid Feature Identification Technique. In the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics, August, 1998. Montreal, Canada. Available on-line: http://www.ets.org/reasearch/aclfinal.pdf

Burstein, J. (1999). Quoted in Ott, C. (May 25, 1999). Essay Questions. Salon. Available online: http://www.salonmag.com/tech/feature/1999/05/25/computer_grading/

Charniak, E. (1991). Bayesian Networks without Tears. AI Magazine, Win 1991.

Chung, G. K. W. K., & O’Neil, H. F., Jr. (1997). Methodological approaches to online scoring of essays. ERIC Document Reproduction Service, No. ED 418 101, 39pp.

De Ayala, R. J (1990) A Simulation and Comparison of Flexilevel and Bayesian Computerized Adaptive Testing. Journal of Educational Measurement, v27 n3 p227-39 Fall 1990.

Domingos P. and M. Pazzani (1997). On the optimality of the simple Bayesian classifier under zero-one loss. Machine Learning, 29:103--130.  Available online: http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/48.html

Fan, D. P., & Shaffer, C. L. (1990). Use of open-ended essays and computer content analysis to survey college students’ knowledge of AIDS. College Health, 38, 221-229.

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Glas, Cees A. W.; Vos, Hans J. (1998) Adaptive Mastery Testing Using the Rasch Model and Bayesian Sequential Decision Theory. Research Report 98-15. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED428101.

Hankins, Janette A. (1990). The Effects of Variable Entry for a Bayesian Adaptive Test. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50(4), 785-802.

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Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997). A solution to Plato's problem: The Latent Semantic Analysis theory of the acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104, 211-240.

Landauer, T. K., Foltz, P. W, & Laham, D. (1998). Introduction to Latent Semantic Analysis. Discourse Processes, 25, 259-284.

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Lu, H.K. (1991). An Empirical Comparison of an Expert Systems Approach and an IRT Approach to Computer-Based Adaptive Mastery Testing. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Chicago, IL, April 3-7, 1991). ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED334210

Madigan, D., Hunt, E., Levidow, B., and Donnell, D. (1995). Bayesian graphical modeling for intelligent tutoring systems. Technical Report. University of Washington.

McCallum, Andrew and Kamal Nigam (1998). A Comparison of Event Models for Naive Bayes Text Classification. AAAI-98 Workshop on "Learning for Text Categorization". Available on-line http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/mccallum98comparison.html

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Rudner (in press). Responding to testing needs in the 21st century with an old tool, a very old tool. In G. Walz (ed) Assessment in the New Millennium. Greensboro: University of North Carolina.

Spray, J.A. and Reckase, Mark D. (1996). Comparison of SPRT and Sequential Bayes Procedures for Classifying Examinees into Two Categories Using a Computerized Test. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 21(4), 405-414.

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Welch, R.E. and T. Frick (1993) Computerized Adaptive Testing in Instructional Settings. Educational Training Research and Development, 41(3), 47-62.

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Whittington, D., & Hunt, H. (1999). Approaches to the computerized assessment of free text responses. Proceedings of the Third Annual Computer Assisted Assessment Conference, 207-219, Available online:

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Revised: July 17, 2001 .